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El Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN) informa que la calidad de aire en el Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Guatemala registró un incremento inusual de partículas finas PM₂.₅ el 7 de diciembre, al alcanzar picos superiores a 100 µg/m³ entre las 19:00 y las 23:00 horas. Este valor está muy por encima de los valores considerados seguros para la población, ya que estos altos niveles de partículas en el aire pueden causar problemas respiratorios.
Este aumento estuvo asociado principalmente a las emisiones generadas por la tradicional Quema del Diablo, caracterizada por quemas abiertas, uso intensivo de pirotecnia y mayor circulación vehicular debido a actividades navideñas y religiosas.
Aunque el pico de contaminación fue alto, tuvo una duración aproximada de cuatro horas (la sexta parte del día), lo que mitigó su impacto en el promedio general de 24 horas registrado el domingo (de 26.5 microgramos por metro cúbico).
Aun así, el promedio diario del domingo fue de 3 a 4 veces mayor que el registrado durante el resto de la semana, mientras que el pico puntual fue hasta 10 veces más alto que los valores normales observados el resto de la semana.
En esos días, según las concentraciones de PM₂.₅ se mantuvieron alrededor de 10 µg/m³ o menos, condiciones consideradas como buena calidad del aire gracias a la combinación de vientos moderados y un menor tráfico vehicular que se observa en esta época del año.
Por lo tanto, con base en estos datos, el MARN insta a la ciudadanía a reducir la quema de fuegos artificiales, basura y plásticos en estas fiestas navideñas. Disminuir estas prácticas es fundamental para asegurar una óptima calidad de aire y proteger la salud de todos.
El Laboratorio de Análisis y Calidad Atmosférica continuará el monitoreo permanente de las variaciones en la calidad del aire. Los guatemaltecos pueden consultar los valores en tiempo real de los medidores instalados y los resúmenes semanales oficiales a través del siguiente vínculo: https://sitioweb.marn.gob.gt/viceministro-de-recursos-naturales-y-cambio-climatico/direccion-de-cambio-climatico/departamento-de-ciencia-y-metrica-monitoreogndelectronic/
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